食管 癌症
Overview
癌症 of the esophagus is divided into two major types: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma, 这取决于恶性细胞的类型.
Squamous cell carcinomas arise in cells that line the upper two-thirds of the esophagus. Adenocarcinomas usually develop in the glandular tissue in the lower part of the esophagus. The treatment of these types may be similar but depends upon the details of each individual case.
我们治疗食管癌的方法
UCSF's highly trained gastrointestinal oncologists and surgeons provide the most advanced and effective treatments available for esophageal cancer. Our team will give you a precise diagnosis and design a personalized treatment plan, 可能包括手术, 化疗, 辐射, laser therapy or photodynamic therapy (targeting the cancer with drugs that destroy the malignant cells when exposed to a special light). 在某些情况下,患者需要切除食道. Our hospital is one of a select group of specialty centers performing minimally invasive esophagectomies – esophagus removal using small incisions, 微型仪器和内窥镜. 这种选择将减少不适和加快恢复时间.
除了, we offer continued care for patients who have completed treatment for gastrointestinal cancers. Our survivorship clinic aims to maximize quality of life and minimize risk of recurrence.
奖 & 识别
-
是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
-
北加州最好的,排名第一. 全国癌症治疗排名第七
-
指定综合癌症中心
迹象 & 症状
早期食管癌通常没有症状. 然而,随着癌症的发展,症状可能包括:
- 吞咽困难或疼痛
- 体重严重下降
- 喉咙或背部、胸骨后面或肩胛骨之间疼痛
- 声音嘶哑或慢性咳嗽
- 呕吐
- 咳血
诊断
以帮助找到症状的原因, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜会评估你的病史并为你做一次体检. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会建议你做胸部x光检查和其他诊断检查. 这些测试可能包括以下内容:
- 吞钡. 也叫食管造影 吞钡 是一系列的食道x光片. 你喝了一种含有钡的液体,它会覆盖在你的食道内部. 钡会导致食道形状的改变,从而在x光片上显示出来.
- Gastroesophagoscopy. 也叫内窥镜检查,这是一种 食道检查食道内部的检查 用一种叫内窥镜的薄而亮的管子来检查胃. 麻醉, 使失去感觉或意识的物质, 通常在这个过程中使用. 如果发现异常区域, 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可以通过内窥镜收集细胞和组织进行活检.
- 活组织检查. 活组织检查 组织样本是供病理学家检查以作出诊断吗.
暂存
If the diagnosis is esophageal cancer, your doctor will determine the stage or extent of disease. 分期是一种仔细的尝试,以确定癌症是否已经扩散和, 如果是这样的话, 到身体的哪个部位. 了解疾病的阶段有助于十大赌博平台排行榜计划治疗. 以下是食管癌的四个阶段.
- 阶段我. 这种癌症只发生在食道细胞的顶层.
- 第二阶段. 这种癌症涉及到食道的更深层, 或者已经扩散到附近的淋巴结. 癌症还没有扩散到身体的其他部位.
- 第三阶段. The cancer has invaded more deeply into the wall of the esophagus or has spread to tissues or lymph nodes near the esophagus. 它还没有扩散到身体的其他部位.
- 四期. 癌症已经扩散到身体的其他部位. 食管癌几乎可以扩散到身体的任何部位, 包括肝脏, 肺, 大脑和骨骼.
治疗
手术
手术是食管癌最常见的治疗方法. 通常, 外科十大赌博平台排行榜将肿瘤连同食道的全部或部分切除, 附近的淋巴结和其他组织. 切除食道的手术称为食道切除术.
The surgeon connects the remaining healthy part of the esophagus to the stomach so that the patient is still able to swallow. The surgeon may also widen the opening between the stomach and the small intestine to allow stomach contents to pass more easily into the small intestine.
有时手术是在其他治疗结束后进行的.
化疗
化疗是使用抗癌药物杀死癌细胞. The anticancer drugs used to treat esophageal cancer travel throughout the body and are usually given by injection into a vein or intravenously.
化疗可与放射治疗联合作为主要治疗, 而不是手术, 或者在手术前缩小肿瘤.
激光疗法
激光疗法是利用高强度的光来破坏肿瘤细胞. 激光治疗只影响被治疗区域的细胞. 激光疗法 is used to destroy cancerous tissue and relieve a blockage in the esophagus when the cancer cannot be removed by surgery. The relief of a blockage can help to reduce 症状, especially swallowing problems.
光动力治疗
光动力疗法(PDT), 一种激光疗法, 包括使用被癌细胞吸收的药物. When exposed to a special light, the drugs become active and destroy cancer cells. Your doctor may use PDT to relieve 症状 of esophageal cancer, such as difficulty swallowing.
放射治疗
放射治疗, 也叫放射治疗, involves the use of high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells in the treated area only. The 辐射 may come from a machine outside the body – external 辐射 – or from radioactive materials placed in or near the tumor, 称为内辐射.
A plastic tube may be inserted into the esophagus to keep it open during 辐射 therapy. 这个过程被称为腔内插管和扩张.
放射治疗 may be used alone or combined with 化疗 as primary treatment instead of or before surgery, 特别是如果肿瘤的大小或位置使手术变得困难. Even if the tumor cannot be removed by surgery or destroyed entirely by 辐射 therapy, 放射治疗通常可以帮助缓解疼痛,使吞咽更容易.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
在哪里获得护理 (2)
支持服务
冥想 & 癌症患者的引导图像
Drop in for a free class designed to help you heal, relax and find balance during your treatment. 十大赌博靠谱网络平台加州大学旧金山分校和非加州大学旧金山分校的患者.